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PT-141 Results: What Studies Measured and When

What published studies measured for PT-141, when those outcomes were measured, and what is still unproven.

Medically reviewed by Juan Pablo Frías, MD · · DisclosureMelanocortin agonistUpdated

What studies measured

Each outcome below comes from a published study, with its type and size, strongest design first. Animal and cell results are labelled as such and are not human results.

PT-141 outcomes in published studies
OutcomeResultStudy typeSource
Desire and distress across subgroupsBenefit on desire and distress was seen across age, weight and BMI subgroups.Human RCTn = 1202Journal of women's health 2022, PMID 35230162
Patient-reported experienceExit surveys and interviews: bremelanotide users described more desire, arousal and better sexual activity quality.Human RCTn = 242Journal of women's health 2021, PMID 33538638
Sexual desire (FSFI-desire domain)Desire domain score rose more than placebo: 0.30 (study 301), 0.42 (study 302), 0.35 integrated, all P<.001.Human RCTn = 1267Obstetrics and gynecology 2019, PMID 31599840
Distress related to low desireDistress fell more than placebo: -0.37, -0.29 and -0.33 integrated.Human RCTn = 1267Obstetrics and gynecology 2019, PMID 31599840
Responder ratesAt 1.75 mg, responder rates beat placebo on all 7 endpoints (P ≤ .03).Human RCTThe journal of sexual medicine 2019, PMID 31277966
Satisfying sexual events+0.7 versus +0.2 satisfying sexual events per month (p = 0.0180).Human RCTn = 327Women's health 2016, PMID 27181790
Positive clinical response in sildenafil non-responders51 (33.5%) of the bremelanotide group had positive clinical results versus 13 (8.5%) on placebo (p = 0.03).Human RCTn = 342The Journal of urology 2008, PMID 18206919
Sexual desireMore women reported moderate or high desire after bremelanotide than placebo (P = 0.0114).Human RCTn = 18The journal of sexual medicine 2006, PMID 16839319
Vaginal vasocongestionNo significant change in vaginal vasocongestion versus placebo.Human RCTn = 18The journal of sexual medicine 2006, PMID 16839319
Erectile response (RigiScan)Erectile response was statistically significant versus placebo at both 4 mg and 6 mg in men with inadequate response to Viagra.Human RCTInternational journal of impotence research 2004, PMID 14999221
Erectile response (RigiScan)Erectile response beat placebo at doses above 7 mg; first erection began in about 30 minutes.Human RCTInternational journal of impotence research 2004, PMID 14963471
  • Approved product: Vyleesi (bremelanotide) is FDA-approved only for premenopausal women with acquired, generalized HSDD; the label states it is not indicated in postmenopausal women or in men.
  • Erectile dysfunction data are from 2004-2008 intranasal/subcutaneous trials in men; no ED indication was ever approved. The sildenafil-failure study reports only p-values for non-responder rates; the 342-man trial is a single publication.
  • A 2008 phase 2 paper (PMID 18179455) has been retracted and is not used.
  • The "Barbie drug" or unregulated PT-141 sold online is not covered by these trials; these studies used pharmaceutical-grade product.

Typical timeline

When the studies above measured their outcomes. This is the study schedule, not a promise of when anyone will notice a change.

PT-141: when outcomes were measured in studies
WhenWhat was measuredStudy typeSource
24 weeksCo-primary desire and distress endpointsHuman RCTn = 1267Obstetrics and gynecology 2019, PMID 31599840

Before-and-after photos

We don't publish before-and-after photos. They can't be verified, rarely show dose, diet or other drugs, and only the most dramatic results get posted.

Common questions

How long does PT-141 take to work?

The studies we summarise measured outcomes at set points, for example Co-primary desire and distress endpoints at 24 weeks. Timelines outside studies vary.

Do you show PT-141 before and after photos?

No. Photos can't be verified, rarely show dose, diet or other drugs, and only the most dramatic ones get posted. We summarize measured outcomes instead.

More on PT-141

DosageDoses used in published studies, with the source for each.CalculatorVial, water and dose to syringe units.Side effectsWhat labels and studies report, and what is unknown.PricePrice per mg and per week from dated listings. No vendor links.Legal statusFDA, compounding and WADA status with dates.How to injectSites, syringe types and hygiene, step by step.

Sources

  1. 1Prespecified and Integrated Subgroup Analyses from the RECONNECT Phase 3 Studies of Bremelanotide.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2022PMID 35230162Accessed 2 Oct 2026
  2. 2The Patient Experience of Premenopausal Women Treated with Bremelanotide for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: RECONNECT Exit Study Results.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2021PMID 33538638Accessed 2 Oct 2026
  3. 3Bremelanotide for the Treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: Two Randomized Phase 3 Trials.Obstetrics and gynecology · 2019PMID 31599840Accessed 2 Oct 2026
  4. 4Responder Analyses from a Phase 2b Dose-Ranging Study of Bremelanotide.The journal of sexual medicine · 2019PMID 31277966Accessed 2 Oct 2026
  5. 5Bremelanotide for female sexual dysfunctions in premenopausal women: a randomized, placebo-controlled dose-finding trial.Women's health (London, England) · 2016PMID 27181790Accessed 2 Oct 2026
  6. 6Salvage of sildenafil failures with bremelanotide: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study.The Journal of urology · 2008PMID 18206919Accessed 2 Oct 2026
  7. 7An effect on the subjective sexual response in premenopausal women with sexual arousal disorder by bremelanotide (PT-141), a melanocortin receptor agonist.The journal of sexual medicine · 2006PMID 16839319Accessed 2 Oct 2026
  8. 8Evaluation of the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects of subcutaneously administered PT-141, a melanocortin receptor agonist, in healthy male subjects and in patients with an inadequate response to Viagra.International journal of impotence research · 2004PMID 14999221Accessed 2 Oct 2026
  9. 9Double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of the safety, pharmacokinetic properties and pharmacodynamic effects of intranasal PT-141, a melanocortin receptor agonist, in healthy males and patients with mild-to-moderate erectile dysfunction.International journal of impotence research · 2004PMID 14963471Accessed 2 Oct 2026

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