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SS-31

Mitochondria-targeting peptide. SS-31 is FDA accelerated approval for Barth syndrome (Sep 2025); research-chemical versions are not the approved drug.

Also called:elamipretideForzinity
Medically reviewed by Juan Pablo Frías, MD · · DisclosureUpdated Strongest evidence: Human RCT evidence, 4 of 4
StatusFDA accelerated approval for Barth syndrome (Sep 2025)Not on the WADA Prohibited ListFull legal history

Key facts

How we verify
Class
Mitochondria-targeting peptide
Also called
elamipretide, Forzinity
Vial sizes sold
10 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg
Community-reported sizes
Half-life
Not found
No published half-life found (PubMed search, 2 Oct 2026)
FDA status
accelerated approval for Barth syndrome (Sep 2025)
Approved
WADA
Not listed
2026 Prohibited List
Everything on SS-31

SS-31 guides

DosageDoses used in published studies, with the source for each.Side effectsWhat labels and studies report, and what is unknown.CalculatorVial, water and dose to syringe units.ResultsStudy outcomes and when they were measured.PricePrice per mg and per week from dated listings. No vendor links.Legal statusFDA, compounding and WADA status with dates.50 mg vialConcentration and unit tables for the 50 mg size.
Vial and dose sizes
10 mg vial

Evidence at a glance

Human and animal counts are PubMed records from our evidence ledger (search counts, not studies we reviewed). The grade is the strongest design among the studies we summarised for that goal: a human randomized trial outweighs any number of animal studies.

SS-31: studies by condition
ConditionHuman studiesAnimal studiesStudies we summarisedEvidence grade
Fibromyalgia000No graded study for this goal

Grades follow our evidence scale. Summarised studies come from our evidence file, each quote checked against the abstract or label.

Compared with

SS-31vsMOTS-cMitochondria-targeting peptide next to mitochondrial-derived peptide: evidence, dosing and legal status side by side.PCAC voted 7–5 for 503A (Jul 2026)Read the comparison →

Common stacks

SS-31 is often sold pre-mixed or combined with other peptides. No controlled study has tested these combinations; the pages below cover the math and what each part has been studied for.

SS-31 + MOTS-c

Common questions

Is SS-31 FDA approved?

SS-31 is FDA accelerated approval for Barth syndrome (Sep 2025). Products sold as research chemicals are not the approved drug and are not checked by the FDA.

How much water goes in a 10 mg vial?

That choice only changes the concentration. With 2 mL, the vial is 5 mg/mL. The calculator converts any amount to syringe units. It does the math only and does not suggest a dose.

Sources

  1. 1US search volume and year-over-year trend, Google Keyword Planner export (Jun–Aug 2026 vs 2025)Peptigraph research · 2026peptigraph.com/methodology/Accessed 1 Oct 2026
  2. 2World Anti-Doping Code International Standard Prohibited List 2026World Anti-Doping Agency · 2026wada-ama.orgAccessed 2 Oct 2026
  3. 3United States: Approved by FDA as Forzinity (elamipretide), Stealth BioTherapeutics, original approval 19 Sept 2025, under accelerated approval to improve muscle strength in Barth syndrome (label quote).U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2026api.fda.govAccessed 2 Oct 2026
  4. 4FDA warning letters to five research-peptide sellersFDA warning letter (NuScience Peptides; 1 of 5) · 2026fda.govAccessed 2 Oct 2026
  5. 5ReCLAIM-2: A Randomized Phase II Clinical Trial Evaluating Elamipretide in Age-related Macular Degeneration, Geographic Atrophy Growth, Visual Function, and Ellipsoid Zone Preservation.Ophthalmology science · 2025PMID 39605874Accessed 2 Oct 2026
  6. 6PubMed search: (elamipretide[tiab] OR Bendavia[tiab] OR "MTP-131"[tiab] OR Forzinity[tiab] OR (("SS-31"[tiab] OR SS31[tiab]) AND (peptide*[tiab] OR mitochondri*[tiab] OR cardiolipin[tiab] OR Szeto[tiab]))) (526 results)PubMed · 2026pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govAccessed 2 Oct 2026
  7. 7PubMed search: (elamipretide[tiab] OR Bendavia[tiab] OR "MTP-131"[tiab] OR Forzinity[tiab] OR (("SS-31"[tiab] OR SS31[tiab]) AND (peptide*[tiab] OR mitochondri*[tiab] OR cardiolipin[tiab] OR Szeto[tiab]))) AND (randomized[tiab] OR trial[tiab] OR patients[tiab]) (133 results)PubMed · 2026pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govAccessed 2 Oct 2026
  8. 8PubMed search: (elamipretide[tiab] OR Bendavia[tiab] OR "MTP-131"[tiab] OR Forzinity[tiab] OR (("SS-31"[tiab] OR SS31[tiab]) AND (peptide*[tiab] OR mitochondri*[tiab] OR cardiolipin[tiab] OR Szeto[tiab]))) AND (half-life[tiab] OR pharmacokinetic*[tiab]) (11 results)PubMed · 2026pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govAccessed 2 Oct 2026
  9. 9PubMed search: elamipretide[tiab] AND (TAZPOWER[tiab] OR "Barth syndrome"[tiab]) AND (randomized[tiab] OR crossover[tiab]) (6 results)PubMed · 2026pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govAccessed 2 Oct 2026
  10. 10PubMed search: elamipretide[tiab] AND (macular[tiab] OR "geographic atrophy"[tiab]) (9 results)PubMed · 2026pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govAccessed 2 Oct 2026
  11. 11PubMed search: elamipretide[tiab] AND (fibromyalgia[tiab] OR fatigue[tiab] OR "chronic pain"[tiab]) (19 results)PubMed · 2026pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govAccessed 2 Oct 2026

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