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VIP Results: What Studies Measured and When

What published studies measured for VIP, when those outcomes were measured, and what is still unproven.

Medically reviewed by Juan Pablo Frías, MD · · DisclosureVasoactive intestinal peptideUpdated

What studies measured

Each outcome below comes from a published study, with its type and size, strongest design first. Animal and cell results are labelled as such and are not human results.

VIP outcomes in published studies
OutcomeResultStudy typeSource
Time to dischargeAverage time to discharge was 7.8 days on inhaled aviptadil versus 10 days on placebo (p = 0.049).Human RCTn = 80Medical principles and practice 2025, PMID 39870064
Day-90 ordinal outcomeAviptadil did not significantly improve the day-90 outcome category.Human RCTn = 461The Lancet. Respiratory medicine 2023, PMID 37348524
Mortality to day 90Day-90 mortality was 38% on aviptadil and 36% on placebo with no significant difference.Human RCTn = 461The Lancet. Respiratory medicine 2023, PMID 37348524
Primary endpoint (alive and free of respiratory failure at day 60)The primary endpoint was not met (OR 1.6, 95% CI 0.86-3.11).Human RCTn = 196Critical care medicine 2022, PMID 36044317
60-day survival (secondary)A secondary survival analysis showed two-fold odds of survival (OR 2.0, p = 0.035).Human RCTn = 196Critical care medicine 2022, PMID 36044317
Airway function and cardiovascular effectAt 6 pmol/kg/min infused VIP lowered systolic blood pressure from 108 to 88 mm Hg and raised heart rate from 71 to 95 beats/min, with no change in airway conductance.Human controlled trialThorax 1986, PMID 3787552
Efficacy (resumption of penetrative sexual activity)About 59% found the aviptadil plus phentolamine injection effective, in a retrospective non-controlled series; the formulation is not VIP alone.Human observationaln = 308The journal of sexual medicine 2025, PMID 40192471
OxygenationMean oxygen saturation rose from 87.86% to 93.43% after 3 days of infusion, in a small uncontrolled series.Human observationaln = 6Indian journal of critical care medicine 2024, PMID 38510776
Symptom reversal after multi-part treatmentSymptoms resolved after removal of biotoxin exposure plus VIP replacement, dental extractions and a relaxation program; the effect of VIP alone cannot be separated.Human case reportn = 1The American journal of case reports 2016, PMID 27165859
TNF-alpha production and regulatory T cellsNebulized VIP was well tolerated and reduced TNF-alpha production by lung lavage cells in sarcoidosis.Human uncontrolled trialn = 20American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 2010, PMID 20442436
Pulmonary vasodilationA single inhaled aviptadil dose had a modest, short-lived vasodilating effect with no side effects reported.Human uncontrolled trialn = 20The European respiratory journal 2008, PMID 18978135
Blood pressure and vasodilationVIP infusion caused sustained vasodilatation and lowered total peripheral resistance by 30% and mean arterial pressure by 12%.Human uncontrolled trialn = 6The American journal of cardiology 1987, PMID 3687785
Survival odds vs placeboThe two RCTs together showed no survival benefit (OR 1.01, p = 0.93).Meta-analysisn = 665Indian journal of critical care medicine 2025, PMID 41368449
Intracavernosal VIP plus phentolamine for EDThe review reports effectiveness in at least 80% of men with ED in clinical studies; this is a company-product review, not primary data.ReviewBJU international 2008, PMID 18485029
  • VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) and its synthetic form aviptadil are not FDA-approved. DailyMed returns only a bulk-ingredient entry (AX Pharmaceutical Corp, VIP powder, 2017), not a drug label with dosing or safety sections.
  • The strongest human evidence is aviptadil in COVID-19 respiratory failure: two US randomized trials. The pivotal TESICO trial (n=471 randomized) found no benefit on outcome or 90-day mortality; a smaller trial missed its primary endpoint but reported a secondary survival signal; a meta-analysis of the two RCTs found no survival benefit.
  • For chronic inflammatory response syndrome (CIRS), the only PubMed record on VIP is a single case report (n=1) that combined VIP replacement with exposure removal, dental extractions and a relaxation program. There is no controlled trial of intranasal VIP for CIRS in PubMed as of 2 October 2026. The popular CIRS protocol is therefore not supported by trial evidence.
  • Erectile dysfunction data are for aviptadil combined with phentolamine by injection into the penis (a retrospective series of 308 men and a product review); they do not apply to subcutaneous or intranasal VIP.
  • Older human physiology studies (healthy volunteers) show systemic VIP lowers blood pressure and raises heart rate at infusion doses of 6 pmol/kg/min and above, and no airway effect, which the authors attribute to rapid breakdown.
  • No quantified human half-life was found; the only pharmacokinetic statement is qualitative.

Typical timeline

When measurable changes appeared in studies of VIP: not reported in study abstracts (PubMed search, 2 Oct 2026).

Before-and-after photos

We don't publish before-and-after photos. They can't be verified, rarely show dose, diet or other drugs, and only the most dramatic results get posted.

Common questions

How long does VIP take to work?

The study abstracts we summarised for VIP do not report when outcomes were measured (PubMed search, 2 Oct 2026).

Do you show VIP before and after photos?

No. Photos can't be verified, rarely show dose, diet or other drugs, and only the most dramatic ones get posted. We summarize measured outcomes instead.

More on VIP

DosageDoses used in published studies, with the source for each.Side effectsWhat labels and studies report, and what is unknown.PricePrice per mg and per week from dated listings. No vendor links.

Sources

  1. 1Inhaled Aviptadil Is a New Hope for Recovery of Lung Damage due to COVID-19.Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre · 2025PMID 39870064Accessed 2 Oct 2026
  2. 2Intravenous aviptadil and remdesivir for treatment of COVID-19-associated hypoxaemic respiratory failure in the USA (TESICO): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2023PMID 37348524Accessed 2 Oct 2026
  3. 3The Use of IV Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (Aviptadil) in Patients With Critical COVID-19 Respiratory Failure: Results of a 60-Day Randomized Controlled Trial.Critical care medicine · 2022PMID 36044317Accessed 2 Oct 2026
  4. 4Effect of infused vasoactive intestinal peptide on airway function in normal subjects.Thorax · 1986PMID 3787552Accessed 2 Oct 2026
  5. 5Intracavernosal injection of aviptadil and phentolamine for refractory erectile dysfunction.The journal of sexual medicine · 2025PMID 40192471Accessed 2 Oct 2026
  6. 6Effect of Aviptadil, a Novel Therapy, on Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Viral-related Severe ARDS: A Retrospective Observational Study.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2024PMID 38510776Accessed 2 Oct 2026
  7. 7Reversal of Refractory Ulcerative Colitis and Severe Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Symptoms Arising from Immune Disturbance in an HLA-DR/DQ Genetically Susceptible Individual with Multiple Biotoxin Exposures.The American journal of case reports · 2016PMID 27165859Accessed 2 Oct 2026
  8. 8Inhaled vasoactive intestinal peptide exerts immunoregulatory effects in sarcoidosis.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2010PMID 20442436Accessed 2 Oct 2026
  9. 9Inhalation of vasoactive intestinal peptide in pulmonary hypertension.The European respiratory journal · 2008PMID 18978135Accessed 2 Oct 2026
  10. 10Cardiovascular effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide in healthy subjects.The American journal of cardiology · 1987PMID 3687785Accessed 2 Oct 2026
  11. 11Aviptadil Therapy in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2025PMID 41368449Accessed 2 Oct 2026
  12. 12Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide/phentolamine for intracavernosal injection in erectile dysfunction.BJU international · 2008PMID 18485029Accessed 2 Oct 2026
  13. 13PubMed search: aviptadil[tiab] (30 results)PubMed · 2026pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govAccessed 2 Oct 2026
  14. 14PubMed search: aviptadil[tiab] AND (randomized[tiab] OR "clinical trial"[pt]) (6 results)PubMed · 2026pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govAccessed 2 Oct 2026
  15. 15PubMed search: (aviptadil[tiab] OR "vasoactive intestinal peptide"[tiab] OR "vasoactive intestinal polypeptide"[tiab]) AND (randomized[tiab] OR trial[tiab] OR patients[tiab]) (1509 results)PubMed · 2026pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govAccessed 2 Oct 2026
  16. 16PubMed search: (aviptadil[tiab] OR "vasoactive intestinal peptide"[tiab]) AND (half-life[tiab] OR pharmacokinetic*[tiab]) (70 results)PubMed · 2026pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govAccessed 2 Oct 2026
  17. 17PubMed search: "vasoactive intestinal peptide"[tiab] AND (CIRS[tiab] OR "inflammatory response syndrome"[tiab] OR mycotoxin*[tiab] OR "water-damaged"[tiab]) (4 results)PubMed · 2026pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govAccessed 2 Oct 2026
  18. 18PubMed search: "vasoactive intestinal peptide"[tiab] AND ("clinical trial"[pt] OR randomized[tiab]) AND (inhal*[tiab] OR intranasal[tiab] OR sarcoid*[tiab] OR "pulmonary hypertension"[tiab] OR ARDS[tiab]) (15 results)PubMed · 2026pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govAccessed 2 Oct 2026

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