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Tirzepatide

GLP-1 / GIP dual agonist. Tirzepatide is FDA approved (Mounjaro, Zepbound); research-chemical versions are not the approved drug.

Also called:tirztirzeMounjaroZepbound
Medically reviewed by Juan Pablo Frías, MD · · DisclosureUpdated Strongest evidence: Human RCT evidence, 4 of 4
StatusFDA approved (Mounjaro, Zepbound)Not on the WADA Prohibited ListFull legal history

Key facts

How we verify
Class
GLP-1 / GIP dual agonist
Also called
tirz, tirze
Vial sizes sold
5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg, 60 mg, 120 mg
Community-reported sizes
Half-life
approximately 5 days
subcutaneous, in people · FDA label (Mounjaro)
FDA status
Approved (Mounjaro, Zepbound)
Approved
WADA
Not listed
2026 Prohibited List
Everything on Tirzepatide

Tirzepatide guides

DosageDoses used in published studies, with the source for each.Side effectsWhat labels and studies report, and what is unknown.CalculatorVial, water and dose to syringe units.ResultsStudy outcomes and when they were measured.PricePrice per mg and per week from dated listings. No vendor links.Legal statusFDA, compounding and WADA status with dates.How to injectSites, syringe types and hygiene, step by step.Half-lifeWhat is measured, by route, and what is not.StoragePowder and mixed vials: temperature and shelf life.10 mg vialConcentration and unit tables for the 10 mg size.For weight lossWhat research says about Tirzepatide for weight loss.For sleep apneaWhat research says about Tirzepatide for sleep apnea.For inflammationWhat research says about Tirzepatide for inflammation.
Vial and dose sizes
1 mg dose2 mg dose2.5 mg dose3 mg dose5 mg vial6 mg dose7.5 mg dose12.5 mg dose15 mg vial20 mg vial30 mg vial40 mg vial50 mg vial60 mg vial
Syringe units to mg
5 units8 units10 units12 units15 units20 units25 units30 units35 units40 units50 units60 units70 units75 units80 units100 units
Researched for
diabetesenergyheart healthsleepmuscle growthjoint painlipedemaliver healthgut healthdepressionanxietyinjury recoverymenopausecognitionskinbone healthADHDthyroidtestosteronelibidofertilityaddictionallergies

Evidence at a glance

Human and animal counts are PubMed records from our evidence ledger (search counts, not studies we reviewed). The grade is the strongest design among the studies we summarised for that goal: a human randomized trial outweighs any number of animal studies.

Tirzepatide: studies by condition
ConditionHuman studiesAnimal studiesStudies we summarisedEvidence grade
Weight loss9904916Human RCT evidence, 4 of 4Arthritis & rheumatology 2026, PMID 41903163
Sleep apneaNot in our ledgerNot in our ledger1Human RCT evidence, 4 of 4The New England journal of medicine 2024, PMID 38912654
Inflammation85371No graded study for this goal
Diabetes843488Human RCT evidence, 4 of 4The New England journal of medicine 2025, PMID 41406444
EnergyNot in our ledgerNot in our ledger0No graded study for this goal
Heart health358117Human RCT evidence, 4 of 4The New England journal of medicine 2025, PMID 41406444
SleepNot in our ledgerNot in our ledger0No graded study for this goal
Muscle growthNot in our ledgerNot in our ledger2Human RCT evidence, 4 of 4Diabetes, obesity & metabolism 2025, PMID 39996356
Joint pain2201Human RCT evidence, 4 of 4Arthritis & rheumatology 2026, PMID 41903163
LipedemaNot in our ledgerNot in our ledger0No graded study for this goal
Liver health143153Human RCT evidence, 4 of 4The New England journal of medicine 2024, PMID 38856224
Gut healthNot in our ledgerNot in our ledger0No graded study for this goal
Depression3521Human RCT evidence, 4 of 4Obesity 2026, PMID 41537305
Anxiety1311Human RCT evidence, 4 of 4Obesity 2026, PMID 41537305
Injury recoveryNot in our ledgerNot in our ledger0No graded study for this goal
Menopause870No graded study for this goal
CognitionNot in our ledgerNot in our ledger0No graded study for this goal
SkinNot in our ledgerNot in our ledger0No graded study for this goal
Bone health1501Human observational evidence, 3 of 4Diabetes research and clinical practice 2025, PMID 41218687
ADHD100No graded study for this goal
ThyroidNot in our ledgerNot in our ledger0No graded study for this goal
TestosteroneNot in our ledgerNot in our ledger1Human RCT evidence, 4 of 4Reproductive biology and endocrinology 2025, PMID 40604795
LibidoNot in our ledgerNot in our ledger1Human RCT evidence, 4 of 4Reproductive biology and endocrinology 2025, PMID 40604795
FertilityNot in our ledgerNot in our ledger0No graded study for this goal
AddictionNot in our ledgerNot in our ledger0No graded study for this goal
AllergiesNot in our ledgerNot in our ledger0No graded study for this goal

Grades follow our evidence scale. Summarised studies come from our evidence file, each quote checked against the abstract or label.

Compared with

TirzepatidevsSemaglutideGLP-1 / GIP dual agonist next to GLP-1 agonist: evidence, dosing and legal status side by side.FDA approved (Ozempic, Wegovy, Rybelsus)Read the comparison →TirzepatidevsRetatrutideGLP-1 / GIP dual agonist next to GLP-1 / GIP / glucagon triple agonist: evidence, dosing and legal status side by side.Investigational · phase 3Read the comparison →TirzepatidevsOrforglipronGLP-1 / GIP dual agonist next to oral small-molecule glp-1 agonist: evidence, dosing and legal status side by side.FDA approved (Foundayo, Apr 2026)Read the comparison →TirzepatidevsTesamorelinGLP-1 / GIP dual agonist next to ghrh analog: evidence, dosing and legal status side by side.FDA approved (Egrifta)Read the comparison →

Common stacks

Tirzepatide is often sold pre-mixed or combined with other peptides. A few of these pairs appear together in published studies; each stack page lists what was tested, and the pages below cover the math and what each part has been studied for.

Tirzepatide + SemaglutideTirzepatide + RetatrutideTirzepatide + SermorelinTirzepatide + Cagrilintide

Common questions

Is Tirzepatide FDA approved?

Tirzepatide is FDA approved (Mounjaro, Zepbound). Products sold as research chemicals are not the approved drug and are not checked by the FDA.

How much water goes in a 10 mg vial?

That choice only changes the concentration. With 2 mL, the vial is 5 mg/mL. The calculator converts any amount to syringe units. It does the math only and does not suggest a dose.

Sources

  1. 1US search volume and year-over-year trend, Google Keyword Planner export (Jun–Aug 2026 vs 2025)Peptigraph research · 2026peptigraph.com/methodology/Accessed 1 Oct 2026
  2. 2World Anti-Doping Code International Standard Prohibited List 2026World Anti-Doping Agency · 2026wada-ama.orgAccessed 2 Oct 2026
  3. 3United States: Approved by FDA as Mounjaro (original approval 13 May 2022) and Zepbound (original approval 8 Nov 2023), both tirzepatide, Eli Lilly. Mounjaro is indicated for type 2 diabetes; Zepbound for chronic weight management and obstructive sleep apnea (see label quotes).U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2026api.fda.govAccessed 2 Oct 2026
  4. 4FDA warning letters to five research-peptide sellersFDA warning letter (NuScience Peptides; 1 of 5) · 2026fda.govAccessed 2 Oct 2026
  5. 5FDA proposes excluding semaglutide, tirzepatide and liraglutide from the 503B bulks listFDA · 2026fda.govAccessed 2 Oct 2026
  6. 6Seven FDA warning letters to online sellers of GLP-1 productsFDA warning letter (Gram Peptides; 1 of 7) · 2026fda.govAccessed 2 Oct 2026
  7. 7Ixekizumab With Tirzepatide Achieved Greater Disease Control Than Ixekizumab Alone in Adults With Psoriatic Arthritis and Overweight or Obesity: Results From a Randomized Clinical Trial.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026PMID 41903163Accessed 2 Oct 2026
  8. 8Tirzepatide for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Obesity.The New England journal of medicine · 2024PMID 38912654Accessed 2 Oct 2026
  9. 9Cardiovascular Outcomes with Tirzepatide versus Dulaglutide in Type 2 Diabetes.The New England journal of medicine · 2025PMID 41406444Accessed 2 Oct 2026
  10. 10Body composition changes during weight reduction with tirzepatide in the SURMOUNT-1 study of adults with obesity or overweight.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025PMID 39996356Accessed 2 Oct 2026
  11. 11Tirzepatide for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis with Liver Fibrosis.The New England journal of medicine · 2024PMID 38856224Accessed 2 Oct 2026
  12. 12Psychiatric Safety of Tirzepatide in People With Obesity and No Known Major Psychopathology: A Post Hoc Analysis of SURMOUNT.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2026PMID 41537305Accessed 2 Oct 2026
  13. 13Association of tirzepatide use with risk of osteoporosis compared with other GLP-1 receptor agonists: A retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX database.Diabetes research and clinical practice · 2025PMID 41218687Accessed 2 Oct 2026
  14. 14Short-term impact of tirzepatide on metabolic hypogonadism and body composition in patients with obesity: a controlled pilot study.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2025PMID 40604795Accessed 2 Oct 2026
  15. 15These highlights do not include all the information needed to use MOUNJARO safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for MOUNJARO. MOUNJARO ® (tirzepatide) Injection, for subcutaneous uFDA label (Mounjaro), DailyMed · current labeldailymed.nlm.nih.govAccessed 2 Oct 2026
  16. 16PubMed search: tirzepatide[ti] AND (SURMOUNT[tiab] OR SURPASS[tiab]) AND randomized controlled trial[pt] (93 results)PubMed · 2026pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govAccessed 2 Oct 2026
  17. 17PubMed search: tirzepatide[ti] AND (SURPASS-2 OR SURPASS-3 OR SURPASS-4 OR SURPASS-5 OR "versus semaglutide" OR "SURPASS-CVOT" OR dulaglutide) (143 results)PubMed · 2026pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govAccessed 2 Oct 2026
  18. 18PubMed search: tirzepatide[ti] AND (steatohepatitis OR NASH OR "heart failure" OR HFpEF OR "preserved ejection" OR cardiovascular) (410 results)PubMed · 2026pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govAccessed 2 Oct 2026
  19. 19PubMed search: tirzepatide[ti] AND (SURPASS-2 OR SURPASS-3 OR SURPASS-1 OR SURPASS-5 OR "SURPASS J-mono") AND randomized controlled trial[pt] (24 results)PubMed · 2026pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govAccessed 2 Oct 2026
  20. 20PubMed search: tirzepatide[ti] AND (steatohepatitis OR "heart failure" OR "SUMMIT" OR "SYNERGY-NASH" OR "phase 2") AND randomized controlled trial[pt] (21 results)PubMed · 2026pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govAccessed 2 Oct 2026
  21. 21PubMed search: tirzepatide[tiab] AND (meta-analysis[pt] OR systematic review[pt]) AND (weight OR glycemic OR HbA1c OR obesity) (178 results)PubMed · 2026pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govAccessed 2 Oct 2026
  22. 22PubMed search: tirzepatide[tiab] AND (pharmacokinetic*[tiab] OR half-life[tiab]) AND humans[mh] (49 results)PubMed · 2026pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govAccessed 2 Oct 2026
  23. 23PubMed search: tirzepatide[ti] AND (insulin degludec OR "SURPASS-3") AND "type 2 diabetes"[ti] AND randomized controlled trial[pt] (8 results)PubMed · 2026pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govAccessed 2 Oct 2026
  24. 24PubMed search: tirzepatide[ti] AND (cardiovascular outcomes OR "SURPASS-CVOT" OR "major adverse") (228 results)PubMed · 2026pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govAccessed 2 Oct 2026
  25. 25PubMed search: tirzepatide[tiab] AND (depression OR anxiety OR ADHD OR osteoporosis OR "bone mineral" OR menopause OR "rheumatoid" OR arthritis OR testosterone) (121 results)PubMed · 2026pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govAccessed 2 Oct 2026
  26. 26PubMed search: tirzepatide[tiab] AND ("body composition"[tiab] OR "lean mass"[tiab] OR "visceral fat"[tiab] OR "fat mass"[tiab]) AND humans[mh] (91 results)PubMed · 2026pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govAccessed 2 Oct 2026
  27. 27PubMed search: tirzepatide[tiab] AND (blood pressure[tiab] OR cholesterol[tiab] OR lipid*[tiab]) AND (randomized controlled trial[pt] OR meta-analysis[pt]) (58 results)PubMed · 2026pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govAccessed 2 Oct 2026
  28. 28PubMed search: tirzepatide[tiab] AND (SURPASS-CVOT OR "cardiovascular events" ) AND "dulaglutide"[tiab] AND randomized controlled trial[pt] (6 results)PubMed · 2026pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govAccessed 2 Oct 2026
  29. 29PubMed search: tirzepatide[tiab] AND (depression[tiab] OR anxiety[tiab] OR "mental health"[tiab] OR ADHD[tiab] OR "binge eating"[tiab]) AND (randomized controlled trial[pt] OR clinical trial[pt]) (3 results)PubMed · 2026pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govAccessed 2 Oct 2026
  30. 30PubMed search: tirzepatide[tiab] AND (menopaus*[tiab] OR PCOS[tiab] OR "polycystic"[tiab] OR testosterone[tiab] OR hypogonadism[tiab]) (55 results)PubMed · 2026pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govAccessed 2 Oct 2026

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